efficacy of miswak on oral pathogens

the oral cavity harbors a diverse and abundant number of complex oral pathogens causing different oral diseases. the development of dental caries and periodontal diseases has been found to be closely associated with various gram positive and gram negative microrganisms. miswak, a natural toothbrush, has been documented as a potent antibacterial aid and its use is encouraged in different countries because of its good taste, texture, availability, cost and beneficial effect on teeth and supporting tissues. different researches have been carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of miswak. this review encompasses the efficacy of miswak on suppression of oral pathogens with respect to conducted on fungi as well as cariogenic, periodontal and endodontic bacteria. key words: antimicrobial effects, miswak, oral pathogens, s alvadora persica